{"id":16549,"date":"2023-09-05T12:34:13","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T12:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/2023\/09\/05\/%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b1%d0%bd%d1%96-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%bc%d1%8f%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%b4%d1%89%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%bd%d1%96%d1%85\/"},"modified":"2024-12-29T14:46:28","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T14:46:28","slug":"\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0445","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\/\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0445\/","title":{"rendered":"Tombstones are a legacy of ancient traditions and culture"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents.<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Contents\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\/\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0445\/#%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%97%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97\" >Religions and their influence on funerary traditions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\/\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0445\/#%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97\" >Christian traditions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\/\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0445\/#%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2\" >Symbolism of Christian tombstones<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\/\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0445\/#%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D1%83_%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85\" >Features of monuments in different regions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\/\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0445\/#%D0%86%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97\" >Jewish traditions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\/\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0445\/#%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2\" >Features of Jewish monuments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\/\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0445\/#%D0%92%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9\" >The influence of local traditions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\/\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0445\/#%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97\" >Current trends<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\/\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0456-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430-\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0445\/#%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA\" >Conclusion.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%97_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%97%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97\"><\/span>Religions and their influence on funerary traditions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>All world religions establish canons not only for life, but also for rituals related to birth, marriage and death. Much attention is paid to funeral rites and honouring the memory of the deceased. The proverb \"It is either good or nothing about the dead\" reflects the general attitude towards the dead in Christianity, Muslimity, Buddhism, Hinduism and Judaism.<\/p>\n<p>Due to its multinational composition, Ukraine has developed unique headstone traditions that combine elements of different cultures and religions. Christianity, as the main religion of the country, has had a significant impact on these customs, while preserving local characteristics.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97\"><\/span>Christian traditions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Christianity teaches that the body is the temple of the soul, so burial should be honourable. The placement of crosses on graves is one of the main traditions. However, over time, crosses have been supplemented or replaced by monuments with images, epitaphs or decorative elements.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2\"><\/span>Symbolism of Christian tombstones<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Elements on the monuments, such as angels, flowers, candles or veils, have a deep symbolism:<\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Angels<\/strong> - symbolise the guardians of the soul of the deceased.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flowers<\/strong> - signify the transience of life.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Candles<\/strong> - a symbol of the light of the soul.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many ancient Christian burials also contain pagan symbols that have been reinterpreted by the church. For example, a ball with wings in Christianity stands for the life-giving power of God.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_%D1%83_%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85\"><\/span>Features of monuments in different regions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Western Europe<\/strong> - Obelisks are traditionally used.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ukraine<\/strong> - A variety of shapes, including stelae, obelisks or decorative slabs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>USA<\/strong> - Low slabs of light granite, often with a unified design.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One of the most interesting cemeteries is the Merry Cemetery in Romania, where the monuments are painted in bright colours and have an unconventional look.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%86%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97\"><\/span>Jewish traditions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Judaism has strict rules about burial. Graves are marked with simple monuments without much decoration to emphasise the equality of all before death. The main purpose of the monument is to mark the place of burial and indicate that it is a \"ritually unclean\" place.<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2\"><\/span>Features of Jewish monuments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-spread=\"false\">\n<li><strong>Form<\/strong> - A rectangular stele (matzevah), sometimes decorated with carvings.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Epitaphs<\/strong> - The inscriptions are usually in Hebrew or the local language. Their structure:\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li>The name of the deceased.<\/li>\n<li>Date of death according to the Jewish calendar.<\/li>\n<li>Posthumous blessing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9\"><\/span>The influence of local traditions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Despite the strict canons, Jewish communities in Ukraine have adopted some features of local culture. The depiction of a photo on monuments, although not in line with Jewish canons, is sometimes found.<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97\"><\/span>Current trends<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Today, tombstones continue to perform the function of honouring the memory of the deceased. Thanks to modern technology:<\/p>\n<ul data-spread=\"false\">\n<li>Various materials are used, including granite, marble and artificial stone.<\/li>\n<li>He creates complex sculptures and artistic compositions.<\/li>\n<li>Individual design elements that reflect the personality of the deceased are becoming popular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA\"><\/span>Conclusion.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Tombstones are not only a tribute to the memory of the deceased, but also a reflection of cultural, religious and historical traditions. In every culture, they carry a deep symbolism, uniting the past and the present, embodying the memory of those who have left this world.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0420\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u0441\u0456 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16798,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-85"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16549","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16549"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16549\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16549"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/granit-zhitomir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}